Evolution of CAD in Mechanical Engineering

This is a review that generalized findings pertaining to the research with regards to the topics: Computer-Aided Design (CAD) evolution in mechanical engineering applied to the integration of CAD software in mechanical engineering practice, CAD developments in design optimization procedures within CAD tools, integration of CAD in mechanical engineering educational/training processes, challenges, and opportunities in the adaptation of CAD technology in other regions or industries. The goal of such a review was to review the current CAD integration capabilities in workflows, compare the current approaches to design optimization, discern educational strategies, examine barriers and driving factors surrounding adoption, and determine the role of emerging technologies. There was a systematic review of various studies done between North America, Europe, and Asian countries which utilized case studies, curriculum development, and AI-guided frameworks. Results indicate strong CAD interoperability with supplementary tools and cloud-based platforms to facilitate more efficient design and that sophisticated optimization methods using AI may optimize automated design searches but with highly specialized expertise. Project-based learning and the use of immersive technologies in learning could advance CAD incorporation into education, but resource and curriculum challenges still exist. Issues related to the adoption of solutions are the occasion of infrastructure gaps, training, and security issues, which are offset by tools of open source and help of the institution. The CAD innovations resulting in smart automation and collaborative environments with technology and ethical barrier negation include such emerging technologies as AI, cloud computing, and the extended reality. A composite effect of these findings illustrates the transformational power of CAD in mechanical engineering design and education and industry that can be used as a guideline in balancing technology application and solving problems between regions and sectors.