Balancing Image Quality and Radiation Safety in Mammography: A Pilot Study of Detector Performance and Optimization Strategies

ABSTRACT Mammography represents a specialized diagnostic imaging technique that employs low-energy X-rays to generate high-resolution images of breast tissue for both diagnostic and screening applications. The methodology necessitates meticulous calibration of kilovoltage and tube current-time parameters, specifically customized to the unique thickness of the breast, to guarantee superior image quality while concurrently minimizing radiation exposure. The principal aim of mammography is the identification of low-contrast visible masses and calcifications, which may be as small as 100 microns in diameter, thereby demanding high spatial resolution in comparison to traditional X-ray imaging techniques. With the radiosensitive qualities of breast tissue in mind, it is necessary to keep radiation doses as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA) to reduce the associated risk of cancer from X-ray exposure. This investigation aspires to offer a comprehensive analysis of the operational principles governing mammography apparatus and the diverse detectors utilized in mammographic imaging. Through the exploration of contemporary detector technologies and operational methodologies, this research endeavors to pinpoint opportunities for enhancing radiation protection within mammography systems. The objective is to elevate image quality while diminishing radiation exposure to breast tissue, thereby augmenting the overall safety and effectiveness of mammography as a diagnostic instrument. Keywords: Mammography, Radiation protection, Detector technology, Operational principles, Breast imaging, Diagnostic radiology.