Pharmacological Perspectives on Mechanisms, Classification and Experimental Screening Approaches for Anti-Ulcer and Anti-Asthmatic Drugs

<p><span lang="EN">Pharmacological screening is a fundamental process in drug discovery and development, involving the evaluation of drugs, herbal extracts, and chemical compounds for therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and safety profiles. This review focuses on in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models used for the preclinical assessment of anti-ulcer and anti-asthmatic agents. Peptic ulcer disease arises from an imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid, pepsin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Helicobacter pylori and the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. The report outlines the etiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms of action, and classification of anti-ulcer agents, alongside experimental screening models. Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity, is also discussed with emphasis on its pharmacological screening methods, drug classifications, and mechanistic pathways. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for the evaluation and development of effective therapeutic agents against peptic ulcer disease and asthma.</span></p>