PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUD EXTRACT FROM THE STEM BARK, LEAVES AND ROOT BARK OF THE CANARIUM MADAGASCARIENSIS (BURCERACEAE) ORIGINATED IN THE SOUTHEASTERN OF MADAGASCAR

The present study centered on the evaluation of the biological activity and theidentification of the chemical family present in the plant known by thevernacular name "Ramy” or “Emboka," the Malagasy name, and scientificallycalled Canarium madagascariensis (Burseraceae). This plant is endemic to thesoutheastern region of Madagascar and is well known in this region for itstherapeutic properties in traditional medicine. This study constitutes acomponent of the research program of the Doctoral School in Geosciences,Physics, Environmental Chemistry, and Host-Pathogen Systems (GPCEHP) atthe University of Toliara. The primary objective of this study is to verify theethnobotanical data of the plant in question based on traditional uses, usingavailable scientific methods based on biological tests, and to detect the chemicalfamilies of the compounds present in this plant. The present study aims toestablish a foundation for future research endeavors that will focus on theidentification, isolation, and determination of the chemical structures of theactive ingredients responsible for these biological effects. The results ofphytochemical screening revealed the presence of various chemical families ofsecondary metabolites, including tannins, polyphenols, saponins, steroids, andterpenoids. In vitro biological tests carried out on extracts from this plantrevealed that it has antioxidant effects and antibacterial properties. The presenceof phenolic compounds and terpenoids in this plant is indicative of its biologicalactivity, as these two chemical families are well-documented to exhibit suchproperties. A comprehensive review of the extant phytochemical and biologicalscreening studies of extracts from Canarium madagascariensis (Burseraceae)reveals the scientific validation of the traditional uses of this plant.