Interrelationship of Fasting Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Glycemic control in diabetic individuals is commonly assessed utilizing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. However, recent evidence indicates that serum uric acid (SUA), traditionally associated with gout and renal disease, and may also perform significant function in pathophysiology of T2DM and its complications. Elevated Serum uric acid has been linked with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation—all key features of metabolic syndrome and diabetes progression. Objectives: This study aims to assess the correlation between fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum uric acid levels in patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study has been undertaken at a tertiary care hospital comprising 150 patients clinically diagnosed with T2DM, collected Fasting blood samples for estimation of HbA1c, plasma glucose, and serum uric acid using standard enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric methods. Correlation analysis has been undertaken utilizing Pearson’s correlation coefficient for determining association between serum uric acid and glycemic markers (FBG and HbA1c). Results: Study participants' mean age was 52.4 ± 10.7years. FBG and HbA1c exhibited “highly significant positive correlation (r=0.78, p<0.001). Serum uric acid levels showed a mild to moderate positive correlation with FBG (r=0.29, p=0.015) and HbA1c (r=0.36, p=0.002)”. Higher uric acid levels were notably observed in individuals with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8%). Conclusion: Current study highlights a statistically significant association between SUA and established glycemic markers in T2DM. Serum uric acid, although not a conventional marker, may provide valuable insight into metabolic disturbances and glycemic control in diabetic patients. Further longitudinal and mechanistic research is warranted for examining its role in diabetes management and complication risk prediction.