Biomimetic Materials in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics: A Narrative Review

AbstractBiomimetic dentistry represents a transformative approach in conservative and endodontic therapy, wherein materials and techniques are designed to emulate the biological structure and function of natural dental tissues. This review aims to explore the current scope, mechanisms, and clinical applications of biomimetic materials in the restoration of enamel, dentin, and pulpal tissues. Key materials such as calcium silicate cements, resin-based systems, and bioactive glasses are assessed for their ability to promote remineralization, enhance sealing ability, and induce tissue regeneration.Biomimetic principles are particularly evident in pulp capping and regenerative endodontics, where materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), biodentine, and enamel matrix derivatives are instrumental. These materials influence stem cell differentiation, mineral deposition, and interface adaptation, thereby mimicking the dentin-pulp complex.Moreover, advancements in nanotechnology and ion-releasing restorative materials have led to promising outcomes in maintaining tooth vitality, improving bond strength, and reducing microleakage.Despite considerable progress, limitations exist, including technique sensitivity, cost, and variable clinical evidence. This article underscores the critical need for long-term studies and standardized protocols to integrate biomimetic dentistry fully into mainstream clinical practice.Keywords : Biomimetic dentistry, Endodontics, Remineralization, Pulp capping, Bioactive materials, Dentin bonding, Calcium silicates