EFFECT OF ADDING DEXMEDETOMIDINE VS FENTANYL TO INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE SPINAL BLOCK CHARACTERISTICS IN ABDOMINAL PROCEDURES

Spinal anesthesia is a standard technique for lower abdominal surgeries dueto its cost-effectiveness and ease of administration. However, postoperativepain management remains challenging because local anesthetics alone have alimited duration of action, necessitating early postoperative analgesicintervention. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine is an effective alternative tofentanyl in spinal anesthesia for lower abdominal surgeries, offeringprolonged analgesia and motor blockade with opioid-sparing benefits andreduced postoperative analgesic consumption.