Immigration in Italy. “Risk" and "Risk Communication"

Italy, historically a country of emigration, has seen an increase in immigration since the 1980s. However, in recent years, Italian emigration has resumed, with young professionals leaving the country in search of better opportunities. The immigration debate is highly politicized, with restrictive laws such as the Bossi- Fini law (2002) and the Salvini Decree (2018). The Meloni government has implemented measures to limit landings, collaborating with Tunisia and Albania to outsource migration management. However, data shows that Italy receives fewer migrants compared to other European countries. Migration policies are often used for electoral purposes, while the country's real demographic issue is the exodus of young people and the declining birth rate, which threaten the pension system and welfare.