Obesidade: Uma Revisão Científica Abrangente

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, resulting in metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychosocial complications. This review provides an updated analysis of obesity's epidemiology, genetic and epigenetic determinants, the role of the gut microbiota, hormonal regulation, inflammatory pathways, and lifestyle factors. Evidence from nutrology and functional medicine interventions is also discussed, highlighting innovative strategies for prevention and treatment. The findings underscore the need for personalized approaches integrating nutrition, behavior, and genetic profiling to achieve sustainable outcomes in obesity management. Keywords: Obesity, Nutrology, Epigenetics, Microbiota, Functional Medicine, Lifestyle