Garcinia rostrata Miq.

3.Garcinia rostrata(Hassk.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (7): 209. 1864 Figs 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Garcinia rostrata (Hassk.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1 (7): 209. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 89. 1877; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 5. t. 91 B. 1883; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (2): 151. 1890; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 15. t. 93. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 340. 1893; Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 9: 361. 1903; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 169. 1922; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java (Spermatoph.) 1: 388. 1963; Kochummen & Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26 (2): 277. 1973; Whitmore in Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 210, 216. 1973; H. Keng, Concise Fl. Singapore: 49. 1990; M. Turner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 47 (1): 263. 1995. ≡ Discostigma rostratum Hassk., Flora 25 (2, Beibl.): 33. 1842. Type. lectotype (designated here), Indonesia, Java, s. d., J. E. Teijsmann 1868 (originally ‘‘ Teysmann’ ’ on the label), P digital image! [P 04700642] (Fig. 9 A); isolectotypes: K! [K 000677710], P digital image! [P 04700644]. = Garcinia brevirostris Scheff., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. - Indië 31: 353. 1870 et Flora 53 (16): 248. 1870; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 5. t. 91 C. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 362. 1893; Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 83. 1923; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 120. t. 2. fig. 13. 1964; Corner & Watan., Ill. Guide Trop. Pl.: t. 187. 1969; N. P. Singh in B. D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. Ind. 3: 106. 1993; S. Gardner, P. Sidisunthorn & Chayam., Forest Trees S. Thailand 1: 350. fig. 538. 2015; N. Mohanan et al., Rheedea 33 (3): 153. 2023. Type. lectotype (designated here), Indonesia, Sumatra, Bangka, Djeboes, fl., s. d., J. E. Teijsmann s. n. (originally ‘‘ Teysmann’ ’ on the label), BO digital image! [BO 0116415]; isolectotypes: A digital image! [A 00067478], K! [K 000677711] (Fig. 9 B), L digital image! [L 0012177, L 0012178, U 1208258], syn. nov. = Garcinia eugeniifolia Wall. [Numer. List: 171. Wallich Cat. 4873. 1831, as Garcinia ?? euginifolia, nom. nud.] ex T. Anderson in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1 (2): 268. 1874 [as G. eugeniæfolia]; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 6. t. 91 E, F. 1883 [as G. eugeniæfolia]; King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (2): 150. 1890 [as G. eugeniæfolia]; Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (6): 236. 1893 [as G. eugeniaefolia]; Vesque, Epharmosis 2: 15. t. 99. 1889 et in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 343. 1893 [as G. eugeniæfolia]; Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 363. 1908 [as G. eugeniaefolia]; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 169. 1922 [as G. eugeniæfolia]; Maheshw., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 120. 1964; Kochummen & Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26 (2): 277. 1973 [as G. eugeniaefolia]; Whitmore in Whitmore, Tree Fl. Malaya 2: 210. 1973 [as G. eugeniaefolia]; H. Keng, Concise Fl. Singapore: 48. 1990 [as G. eugeniaefolia]; M. Turner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 47 (1): 261. 1995; N. Mohanan et al., Rheedea 33 (3): 153. 2023. Type. lectotype [designated by Maheshwari (1964)], Peninsular Malaysia, Penang, fl., 1822, Wallich Cat. 4873, CAL digital image! [CAL 0000065120]; isolectotypes: G digital image! [G 00458408]; K! [K 001104113] (Fig. 10 A). = Garcinia calophylla Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1 (5): 36. 1883; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 364. 1893; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java (Spermatoph.) 1: 388. 1963. Type. lectotype (designated here), Indonesia, Java, cultivated in Hort. Bot. Bogor., fl. & fr., 1881, Treub s. n. (Herb. L. Pierre 4632), P digital image! [P 04700186] (Fig. 10 B); isolectotype: P digital image! [P 04700187], syn. nov. = Garcinia wrayi King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59 (2): 152. 1890; Vesque in A. DC. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 8: 343. 1893; Kochummen & Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26 (2): 277. 1973. Type. lectotype (designated here), Peninsular Malaysia, Perak, Gunong Batu Pateh, 4,500 feet alt., fl., s. d., L. Wray 267, CAL digital image! [CAL 0000005862] (Fig. 11 A); isolectotypes: CAL digital image! [CAL 0000005861], SING! [SING 0067963], P digital image! [P 04701169]). = Garcinia gitingensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3 (55): 1053. 1911. Type. lectotype (designated here), Philippines, Island of Sibuyan, Province of Capiz, Magallanes (Mt. Giting-giting), ♂ fl., May 1910, A. D. E. Elmer 12526, A digital image! [A 00067528] (Fig. 11 B); isolectotypes: E digital image! [E 00691513], L digital image! [L 2403620, U 0111082], MO digital image! [MO 934131], NY digital image! [NY 71370], US digital image! [US 00516746], W digital image! [W 1912-0000963]). Description. Habit trees, 5–20 m tall, 30–100 cm GBH, sometimes buttressed near the base of the stem in large trees; exudate white, turning creamish white, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - angular, glabrous. Bark brown or greyish brown, slightly rough or scaly; inner bark pale brown. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 5.3–11.3 × 2–5.7 cm, apex tapering to a long blunt tip, (0.7 –) 1–2 cm long, base cuneate, margin entire or repand, coriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised above, raised below, secondary veins 15–19 on each side, 2.5–5.5 mm apart from each other, departing from the midrib at an angle of 65 ° – 80 °, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, visible on both surfaces, with intersecondary veins, 1.5–2 mm apart from secondary veins, veinlets reticulate, faint above, visible below, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, nearly parallel to the midrib, running across the secondary veins to the apex, visible below; petiole 0.3–1 cm long, 1–1.4 mm diam., grooved above, glabrous, with a small basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves tough (not brittle) when crushed; young leaves red or pale greenish red, turning pale green, glossy. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, in fascicles of 2–10 - flowered cymes or solitary (number of flowers per inflorescence of male inflorescences more than female inflorescences). Flowers unisexual; bracteoles 2, opposite; sepals and petals decussate, concave, glabrous. Flower buds green, subglobose or globose, 2–3 mm diam. Male flowers in fascicles of 3–10 flowers, lightly fragrant, 5–6.5 mm diam., sticky; bracteoles triangular, 0.5–1.2 × 0.5–1.1 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 2–4 mm long, 0.7–1.3 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair, the outer pair semi-orbicular, 0.7–1 × 0.6–1.4 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair broadly ovate or ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 1–3 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow or yellow, broadly elliptic, elliptic or orbicular, 1.5–3.5 × 1–3 mm, subequal, apex obtuse or rounded; stamens numerous, united into 4 bundles, each bundle 1.5–3 × 1–1.7 mm; filaments very short; anthers small; pistillode mushroom-shaped, 2–2.5 mm long; sterile stigma sessile, convex, 1.2–2 mm diam., papillate. Female flowers in fascicles of 2–3 flowers or solitary, 4.5–7 mm diam.; bracteoles triangular, 0.5–1.2 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 3–6.5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair, the outer pair semi-orbicular, 0.7–1.2 × 0.7–1.5 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair broadly ovate or ovate, 1.7–3.5 × 1–2.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow or yellow, broadly elliptic or orbicular, 1.7–4 × 1.8–3.5 mm, subequal, apex rounded or obtuse; staminodes absent; pistil mushroom-shaped; ovary pale green, subglobose or globose, 1–2 × 1.3–2.3 mm; stigma pale yellow, sessile, convex, 2.5–3 mm diam., unlobed, papillate. Fruits berries, subglobose or globose, 1–1.2 × 0.7–1.2 cm, green (colour of ripe fruits not recorded), smooth and glabrous, pericarp coriaceous, c. 6–6.5 mm thick, cut fruits with a sticky white exudate, with persistent sepals; persistent stigma blackish brown or dark brown, discoid and shallowly concave, 7–9 mm diam., unlobed, papillate; fruiting stalk 3–6.5 mm long, 1.2–2 mm diam. Seeds 1–2, reddish brown or dark brown, depressed subglobose, 0.9–1.2 × 0.7–0.9 cm, with a thin fleshy pulp. Distribution. Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia [Kedah (including Langkawi Island), Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, Johor], Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Maluku Islands), Borneo [Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Kalimantan)], Philippines (Mindoro, Capiz, Leyte, Palawan, Basilan) (Fig. 12). Distribution in Thailand. Peninsular: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat (Fig. 12). Habitat and ecology. This species is found in tropical evergreen rain forests, lower montane rain forests, and secondary forests, sometimes along streams, at elevations of 0–1,500 m a. m. s. l. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting more than once, nearly throughout the year, with a peak from February to May. Conservation status. Garcinia rostrata is widely distributed from Peninsular Thailand to Borneo and the Philippines. It is known from many localities and has a large EOO of 3,582,193.06 km 2 and an AOO of 180 km 2. In Thailand, this species is known to be naturally distributed only in the peninsular region and has an EOO of 88,529.82 km 2 and an AOO of 76 km 2. Because of its wide distribution and the number of localities and because there does not appear to be an imminent threat to the plants or their habitats. Therefore, we consider the conservation assessment here as LC in agreement with de Kok (2024 b). Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia rostrata is a Latin word meaning beaked, with a long beak, and refers to the fact that the leaf apex has a long beak. Vernacular names. Dan mi (ด ั นหม ี) (Narathiwat, from the specimen C. Phengklai & C. Niyomdham 8001); Nuan (นวล) (Nakhon Si Thammarat, from the specimen A.