Amputation TechniquesinSmall Animals-Anatomical Considerations and Surgical Approaches

Limbamputation is aroutinely performed surgical intervention in small animalveterinary practice, involving the removal of limb from the body. Common indicationsforlimb amputationin small animalsinclude traumaticinjuries that result in extensivesofttissue damage, irreparable fractures andsignificantneurologicinjuriessuch asbrachial plexus avulsion. Other reasonfor amputation includestumors(Neoplasia),loss of blood supply to the limb (Ischemic necrosis), severe arthritis that cannot be controlledwith treatment and serious birth defects that affect limb function. Preoperative evaluation of thepatient’sphysiological status is essential priorto performing a major limb amputation. Because it involvestheremoval of significant volume of fluids, electrolytes and RBCs.Preoperativeepidural anaesthesia is essential in patients for pain management. Forelimbamputation can be performed either by disarticulatingthe shoulder joint or by removing the scapula. Hindlimb amputationmay involve either a midshaft femoral transection or disarticulating at the coxofemoral joint. Post operative monitoring is vital for early detection and management of complications.