Biosynthesis, characterization, and antibiofilm activity of Ag nanoparticle prepared by Verbascum scamandri (Kazdağı Sığırkuyruğu)

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could play a significant role in the development of commercial antibiofilm agents. Herein, the biosynthesis of AgNPs was studied using the locally known as Kazdağı Sığır Kuyruğu (Verbascum scamandri). After that, the morphology was described via transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM - SEM), and spherical particles were found ranging from 72 to 97 nm. Zeta potential analysis showed that AgNP had negative surface charges, indicating stability. FTIR analysis revealed functional groups responsible for reduction, including -OH, -CN, and C=O bonds. EDX analysis indicated high silver content, with 90.32% Ag. The antibiofilm activity was found to be the highest against Staphylococcus haemolyticus bacteria, with a rate of 54.45%.