SNAKEBITE ANTIVENOM TREATMENT, CURRENT SITUATION, AND CHALLENGES IN BRAZIL AND OTHER HIGH-BURDEN COUNTRIES

Snakebites affect around three million people a year worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers them a neglected tropical disease that affects tropical and subtropical countries and poor and rural populations. The WHO's strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality includes ensuring safe and effective antivenom treatment for victims and accelerating antivenom production through public policies and international agreements. Countries in Asia and Africa have recorded the highest number of cases and deaths. Brazil has been producing its antivenom for years and distributes it free of charge in the public health system; however, production is a current concern. This study aims to highlight the challenges in accessing adequate treatment for snakebite accidents in Brazil and other high-incidence countries in Asia and Africa. We conducted a review of the literature and official websites related to the problem. The review suggests that most countries in these areas do not have easy access to antivenom, or it is not effective; several countries have antivenom as part of their public health system, such as India, Thailand and Brazil; however, challenges persist. There is an urgent need for global funding for research and production of snakebite antidotes.