Ameliorative Effects of Cleome viscosa and Cleome gynandra Methanolic Extracts against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Liver Injury: Biochemical and Histopathological Investigations

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which leads to oxidative stress and subsequent damage to vital organs, including the liver.This study aims to evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extracts of Cleome viscosa (MeCV) and Cleome gynandra (MeCG) on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes in the liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Diabetes was induced in rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ.Diabetic rats were then treated orally with MeCV or MeCG (400 mg/kg body weight) for a specified duration.STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significantly decreased serum albumin and total protein levels, along with elevated GGT and cholesterol levels compared to normal controls.Treatment with MeCV (400 mg/kg b.w.) significantly restored serum albumin and protein levels and markedly reduced GGT activity and cholesterol levels.MeCV also reduced MDA levels by 47.64%, which was comparable to the standard drug glibenclamide (48.82%), while MeCG showed a 40% reduction.Additionally, MeCV significantly inhibited XOD activity, with effects closer to glibenclamide than MeCG.Histopathological observations revealed severe hepatic damage in STZ control rats, including congestion, vacuolization, and necrosis.MeCV treatment showed a more pronounced improvement in liver architecture compared to MeCG.The methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa exhibited stronger hepatoprotective effects than Cleome gynandra, likely due to its superior antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory properties, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapy for STZ-induced diabetic liver injury.Further studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its protective action.