Genesis of theoretical and methodological approaches to balanced regional development

Subject. The article discusses balanced spatial development as a complex socio-economic phenomenon involving the interaction of various factors, mechanisms, and spatial structures. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze existing theories and evolution of concepts, identify key factors, critically assess imbalances in the economy, propose scientific approaches and author-developed interpretation of balanced regional growth. Methods. The study draws on the analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, historical method, systematization, generalization, and conceptualization. Results. The study investigated the evolution of views, identified key factors, analyzed the causes of uneven development of territories, and systematized the main approaches to determining the balanced spatial regional development from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach, the settlement system and territorial organization of the economy, and factors of integrated regional security. Furthermore, we clarified the definition of balanced regional growth. Conclusions. There is a need to manage spatial regional development from the perspective of strengthening territorial capital that includes tangible (natural resources, infrastructure, production facilities, financial resources) and intangible (investment climate, quality of life, creative and innovative environment, reputation, social capital) components. Sustainability of development is based on complementarity and synergy. Material factors create the basis for growth, while non-material factors increase the efficiency of their use and attractiveness of the territory.