Impacts of AI on Human Designers: A Systematic Literature Review

<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>Introduction:</i></b> The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and design is gaining significant attention among professional communication researchers. Although challenges in designing with and for AI have been generally investigated, current systematic literature reviews have neglected to consider the tensions between AI and human designers during design work and how that work is impacted. Our study extends previous work by offering a more nuanced understanding of how AI affects designers’ work, thought processes, and solutions. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>Research methodology:</i></b> Using the PRISMA framework, we conducted a systematic review of 44 articles specifically addressing tensions between human designers and AI in design work. We employed a hybrid inductive/deductive thematic analysis approach, using Miro for remote qualitative analysis. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>Results and discussion:</i></b> Our thematic analysis reveals four main themes that encapsulate the multifaceted impact of AI on design practice: 1. reframing design roles and work, 2. human-AI-(human) interaction and collaboration, 3. cognitive expansion and critical reflection, and 4. limitations and risks of AI. These themes collectively offer insights into the multifaceted nature of AI’s impact on human designers in this new paradigm of practice. <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>Conclusions and further research:</i></b> This review has significant implications for researchers and practitioners in design. It reflects the current complexities of integrating AI into design processes while preserving human creativity, intuition, and agency. We further identify research gaps and suggest directions for future research and practice in design domains.