A review of combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engines fueled with n-pentanol blends for agricultural use

The reliance of the agricultural sector on fossil fuels substantially contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases and other forms of air pollution, thereby necessitating the exploration of renewable energy sources. The focus of recent research has been on investigating the potential of n-pentanol as a biofuel for agricultural engines, with particular emphasis on its production, performance and emissions characteristics. n-Pentanol, a five-carbon alcohol, has emerged as a promising biofuel due to its distinctive properties, including higher energy density and improved blending stability with diesel when compared to shorter-chain alcohols. This review offers a detailed overview of recent advancements in n-pentanol research, focusing on its benefits and challenges as a biofuel for agricultural engines. Our analysis indicates that engines employing n-pentanol fuel blends achieve performance levels that are better than those of conventional engines, with indicated thermal efficiency as high as 47.68 % and better fuel economy, while also achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and near-zero NOx emissions at engine low load. The review highlights the advantages and challenges of using n-pentanol in engines, providing important information for policymakers, researchers, engine manufacturers and agricultural professionals. Overcoming these challenges could lower the agricultural sector carbon footprint and encourage sustainable practices. This review also emphasizes the necessity for on-going research in this domain, which is vital for ensuring energy security and the long-term viability of agricultural practices. Ultimately, engines powered by a blend of n-pentanol fuel have the potential to play a crucial role in shaping the future of sustainable agriculture.