Conceptual Model of Biology Learning with Citizen Science Project: Learning Syntax Developed from a Systematic Literature Review

Introduction: Citizen Science Projects (CSP) have emerged as a powerful approach in scientific research, involving the community in data collection and problem-solving. This study examines the application of CSP in biology education, focusing on how CSP can be integrated into learning processes to enhance scientific literacy, community collaboration, and the application of biological concepts.Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to analyze 33 research articles related to CSP in biology education. The review aimed to define CSP-based biology learning and identify the conceptual model of CSP syntax in the educational context. The data was gathered from peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024, primarily sourced from the Scopus database.Results: The review identified key definitions of CSP, emphasizing community collaboration, the application of biological concepts, and the development of 21st-century skills as the core components of CSP-based biology learning. A conceptual model for CSP syntax in biology education was developed, consisting of five key stages: concept mapping, project design, presenting, execution, and gallery walk. These stages were found to support both student learning and community engagement.Conclusions: CSP-based biology learning fosters collaboration between students and the community, enhances the application of biological concepts, and equips students with vital 21st-century skills. The study concludes that CSP offers significant potential for improving biology education by integrating real-world problems into the learning process, thereby advancing scientific literacy and contributing to societal development.