Pension systems in European countries: peculiarities and challenges

This study explores the role of pension systems in maintaining the basic living needs of retirees after retirement.As the proportion of elderly populations grows, the burden of the elderly dependency ratio also increases.The article 's objective is to ensure the basic living standards of retirees in different European countries in the face of growing population ageing, maintain sustainable development of pension funds, and reduce the government's financial burden.Additionally, the analysis evaluates the impact o f government regulation on the lives of people aged 65 and above.Using panel data from Eurostat between 2019 and 2023, we adopt a longitudinal approach to study how long-term commitments to pension fund regulation will influence pension financial sustainability and quality of life after retirement.The analysis provides theoretical insights and tailored managerial policy recommendations.