Organizational Performance: Analysis of the Role of Spiritual Leadership, GHRM, and Organizational Support

In the face of global pressures on sustainability and social responsibility, shipping companies in Indonesia must improve organizational performance through an environmentally friendly, valuable, and participatory management approach. However, the limited research examining the integration of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Spiritual Leadership (SL), and Organizational Support (OS) practices in the context of the maritime industry indicates a gap in the literature that needs to be filled. This study explores the influence of GHRM, SL, and OS on Organizational Performance (OP) in shipping companies in Jakarta. The research sample consisted of 80 randomly selected employees. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results showed that GHRM, SL, and OS significantly affected OP, with GHRM as the most dominant variable. Implementing GHRM, especially in green performance management, has increased operational efficiency and customer loyalty. Spiritual leadership, primarily through an inspiring vision, creates a meaningful work environment and motivates employees intrinsically. Meanwhile, organizational support in the form of employee recognition and welfare strengthens commitment and innovation. This finding provides a theoretical contribution to developing a sustainable strategic management model and practical implications for the shipping industry to enhance competitiveness by integrating environmentally friendly practices, spiritual values, and organizational support. This research also fills the gap in the literature with a holistic approach in the context of the Indonesian maritime sector.