Microbial alternatives for sustainable insecticide use, a Canadian perspective

Abstract This perspective examines the potential of microbial biological control agents (MBCAs) as sustainable tools for managing agricultural insect pests, set against the backdrop of growing pesticide use and climate-driven shifts in pest pressures. We highlight how Canada’s unique combination of supportive policies, dedicated research funding, and clear regulatory frameworks has enabled MBCAs to become an integral part of national pest management strategies. By focusing on regulatory innovation, market trends, and the biological and technological factors shaping MBCA adoption, we outline why Canada’s experience offers valuable insights for other countries seeking to reduce reliance on synthetic insecticides. We propose practical directions to expand the global use of MBCAs, emphasizing the importance of harmonized regulations, stronger data infrastructure, and coordinated public-private initiatives. This perspective aims to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable pest management by showcasing how lessons from Canada can inform more resilient, climate-adapted agricultural systems worldwide.