Quantum-Resistant Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme Based on Certificate Conversion in V2G

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is an important technology that utilizes mobile computing technology and mobile networks to enable two-way energy and information exchange between electric vehicles and the grid. Due to the openness and instability of mobile networks, V2G system faces many security challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to authenticate cross-domain vehicles to ensure the security and stability of grid services. However, existing schemes face various challenges in terms of security and efficiency. Notably, most of the existing V2G certificate-based cross-domain authentication schemes are based on traditional classical cryptography, which are unable to resist quantum attacks. Additionally, in these schemes, the grid server has to generate certificates not only for vehicles in its own domain but also for vehicles from other domains that travel to its domain. This not only increases the computational burden on the grid server but also reduces the overall authentication efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lattice-based cross-domain authentication scheme for V2G networks, which integrates a novel certificate conversion mechanism. The key innovation lies in enabling vehicles to achieve seamless crossdomain transitions through converted certificates, allowing for multiple re-authentications without repeated certificate issuance. This approach significantly reduces computational overhead for both electric vehicles and grid servers while maintaining robust security guarantees. Specifically, we introduce the proxy resignature technology to generate the converted certificates, which combines the Chinese Remainder Theorem and secure multiparty computation to generate proxy rekeys. Crucially, to make our scheme quantum-resistant, we employ lattice-based cryptography. Finally, compared to similar competing schemes, our scheme improves computation efficiency and communication efficiency, and reduces storage cost while maintaining security.