Seeing Differently: Cultural Capital, Education, and Public Engagement with Contemporary Art in Thailand

This study examines the differences in perception, interpretation, and emotional engagement with contemporary art between two groups in Thailand: undergraduate art students and members of the general public. Grounded in Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital, the research investigates how formal education and differing exposure channels influence visual literacy and attitudes toward contemporary art. A structured questionnaire was administered to 405 participants (205 art students and 200 members of the general public). Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and Cohen’s d to assess the significance and effect sizes of group differences across ten Likert-scale items. The results indicate that art students demonstrate greater confidence and ability in interpreting artworks, while the general public reports stronger emotional responses and a greater sense of relevance to everyday life. These findings suggest that both formal education and informal experience contribute in distinct ways to contemporary art engagement. The study offers practical implications for art educators, cultural institutions, and policymakers aiming to foster inclusive and multidimensional approaches to visual literacy and cultural participation. It concludes by advocating for integrated strategies—combining education, accessibility, and inclusive communication practices—to support a more culturally equitable art ecosystem in Thailand and similar contexts. Received: 5 May 2025 / Accepted: 30 June 2025 / Published: 15 July 2025