Characterization of Some Selected Nigeria Indigenous Tomato Varieties Using Morphology and Yield Parameters

This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and yield traits of twelve indigenous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions sourced from the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Nigeria, to identify key descriptors for use in genetic improvement programs. Seed viability was first assessed using the floating method, and a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replicates was implemented. Morphological traits including emergence days, plant height, number of leaves, leaflets, and branches were monitored biweekly. Reproductive metrics such as flower set, flower emergence, and flower opening were recorded, while postharvest traits; fruit firmness and skin color, were quantitatively assessed using a TA.XT2i texture analyzer and CM-3500d spectrophotometer, respectively. Emergence days ranged from 6.00±0.00 to 10.00±0.40, leaflets per plant from 20.2±10.1 to 65.5±35.9, and plant height from 6.93±3.46 to 16.1±5.36 cm. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) revealed significant phenotypic groupings (α = 0.05). Regression analysis identified leaflets per plant (β = 0.659, p < 0.001) as a positive predictor of fruit formation, while plant height (β = -0.495, p = 0.001) had a negative effect. Most accessions produced round, medium-sized, reddish fruits, although notable variations existed in fruit shape, size, firmness, and skin color. These findings underscore the considerable genetic diversity among Nigerian tomato accessions and highlight the relevance of traits such as leaflet number, flowering time, firmness, and color for targeted selection in breeding programs aimed at enhancing productivity, marketability, and food security.