Multi-criteria decision analysis of sustainable hydrogen production methods using AHP and PROMETHEE II

Hydrogen, as a clean and renewable energy carrier, plays a vital role in future sustainable energy systems. Various production technologies such as electrolysis, biomass gasification, thermochemical water splitting, and photobiological methods offer different advantages and trade-offs in terms of cost, efficiency, environmental impact, and scalability. This study proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE II techniques to comprehensively evaluate sustainable hydrogen production technologies. The results provide a clear ranking of alternatives and offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders, enabling informed decisions that align with long-term sustainability goals.