Examining the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders Focusing on Personality Functioning and Related Constructs

Introduction: The introduction of the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders (AMPD) was a milestone in the field of personality disorders (PDs), which is undergoing a paradigm shift from categorical to dimensional diagnostic approaches. The AMPD defines PDs with a moderate or greater impairment in personality functioning (Criterion A) and the presence of one or more pathological personality traits (Criterion B). Personality functioning is the essential criterion for a PD diagnosis. It is operationalized by four domains (identity, selfdirection, empathy, and intimacy), which represent core dimensions of self and interpersonal functioning. This conceptualization has been significantly influenced by psychodynamic models, including Kernberg's model of personality organization and mentalization theory. Objective: This cumulative dissertation aimed to add novel and relevant findings to the literature on the AMPD with three studies focusing on personality functioning and related constructs. Study 1 was concerned with the interview-based assessment of personality functioning. Study 2 followed up on the empathy domain of personality functioning, which covers aspects of mentalizing. And Study 3 examined the AMPD in relation to Kernberg's model of personality organization.