Wide Band and High Efficiency 2.4 GHz MicrostripPatch Antenna Design for S Band Wireless Communication

Introduction: Nowadays, wireless communication is widely used by phones, computers, radios, televisions, medical devices, printers, smart microwave ovens, and many other electronic devices. Since wireless communication is used in every aspect of our daily lives, it is of great importance that communication is uninterrupted, secure, and has a wide coverage area. Wireless communication is provided through antennas. Microstrip patch antennas can be easily integrated into electronic devices due to their lightweight structure and compact size. They are used in wireless communication due to their small and lightweight structure, low cost, and easy production. This research aims to design a higher-efficiency and wider-band antenna than standard 2.4 GHz microstrip patch antennas for S-band wireless communication applications. Methods: In this work, a microstrip patch antenna with wide coverage, wide bandwidth, and high efficiency was designed to operate at a 2.4 GHz frequency. While antennas operating at higher frequencies have a narrower coverage area, the proposed 2.4 GHz frequency antenna has a wide coverage and penetrates better through obstacles such as walls, solid objects, and floor heights. While most standard 2.4 GHz patch antennas have a 20 MHz bandwidth and 30% efficiency, the recommended design has a 57.5 MHz bandwidth and 50% efficiency. The microstrip patch antenna developed for S-band wireless communication uses FR4 substrate, an inset feed line, and a lumped port. The antenna is rectangular in shape; further design parameters are explained in detail in the study. The proposed antenna design is made using the HFSS program. Results: A detailed analysis was performed by simulations for the designed 2.4 GHz microstrip patch antenna. The S11 reflection coefficient simulation, bandwidth simulation of the antenna, total radiated electric field simulation, antenna gain simulation, radiation pattern simulations for E and H planes, co- and cross-polarization radiation patterns for E-plane and H-plane, and antenna efficiency simulation are performed. The proposed antenna has been proven to perform well, being 20% more efficient and approximately 40 MHz wider band than standard 2.4 GHz antennas. Discussion: The simulation results show that the designed 2.4 GHz microstrip patch antenna works successfully. While the efficiency of most 2.4 GHz microstrip patch antennas in the existing literature ranges from 25% to 32%, this study achieves an efficiency of 50%. While most of the 2.4 GHz antennas in the existing literature have a bandwidth of 20 MHz, the designed antenna has a bandwidth of 57.5 MHz. Although the designed 2.4 GHz antenna has higher efficiency and a wider band than standard 2.4 GHz antennas, this research is limited by the simulation results. Conclusion: The proposed microstrip antenna design has demonstrated 20% higher efficiency compared to standard 2.4 GHz antennas. It also achieved 57.5 MHz bandwidth, which is approximately 3 times the bandwidth of standard 2.4 GHz antennas. The designed antenna can be used in S-band communication applications such as cordless phones, Bluetooth headsets, garage door openers, keyless car locks, baby monitors, medical diathermy machines, microwave ovens, Wi-Fi applications, airport surveillance radar, weather radar, ship radar, and communication satellites. The production of the antenna is planned for future studies.