Burnout en el Personal de Enfermería de Cuidados Intensivos: Causas, Consecuencias y Estrategias de Afrontamiento

Burnout syndrome is a growing problem in the health care field, especially in intensive care nurses, where the overload of care, continuous contact with suffering and institutional pressure generate conditions conducive to professional burnout. The general objective of the study was to analyze the causes, consequences and coping strategies of Burnout syndrome in intensive care nurses. The methodology adopted was of qualitative approach, with documentary-bibliographic design, descriptive-exploratory type, together with the use of theoretical, inductive-deductive and analytical-synthetic methods. The results show that the main causes of Burnout are related to work overload, lack of organizational support and constant emotional exposure, the consequences include physical, emotional and behavioral deterioration, as well as a decrease in the quality of care, risk factors associated with labor, sociodemographic and structural conditions were identified. It is concluded that it is urgent to consolidate a comprehensive Burnout prevention policy that articulates individual, institutional and systemic actions, adapted to the particularities of the Ecuadorian healthcare context.