Формування екомереж у контексті впливу неорганічних забруднювачів

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study focused on assessing the impact of inorganic pollutants on the formation of an ecological network in the Central Pobuzhzhia region (Ukraine). The necessity of incorporating spatial distribution of chemical pollution into ecological network planning-particularly in the development of ecological corridors, buffer zones, and core natural areas-is substantiated. The study includes an analysis of heavy metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel) in soils, bottom sediments, and above-ground plant biomass. Concentrations of nitrates and phosphates in rivers and ponds were also evaluated to determine their impact on aquatic organisms, zooplankton, benthos, and fish. It was found that inorganic pollution leads to disruptions in soil microbiological activity, degradation of biota, simplification of ecosystem structures, and active bioaccumulation of toxicants in organism tissues. In areas with intense anthropogenic pressure, species richness of phytocenoses decreased by 40-50%, chlorophyll content in model plant species was significantly reduced, and enzymatic activity in soils was suppressed. GIS analysis helped identify spatial conflict zones between projected elements of the ecological network and pollution hotspots. Based on the findings, practical recommendations were developed for adapting ecological network schemes in anthropogenically transformed landscapes. These include soil remediation (phytoremediation), the establishment of riparian buffer zones, rerouting ecological corridors to more stable areas, and implementation of long-term environmental monitoring. The results presented in this study have both theoretical and practical significance for nature conservation planning, restoration of degraded ecosystems, and sustainable spatial development of polluted regions