Оптимізація фізіологічного стану рослин як основа екологічно безпечного агровиробництва

This study examines the optimization of plant physiological status as a mechanism for reducing environmental risks in agroecosystems. A model is proposed based on the stepwise optimization of the metabolic activity of agro-phytocenoses, which ensures a reduction in environmental risks. It is shown that effective interaction between plant metabolic activity, the state of soil microbiota, and abiotic environmental factors forms the basis for enhancing plant tolerance to stress conditions. The importance of phased activation of signaling and metabolic cascades in regulating plant physiological status is demonstrated, involving mineral nutrition, biostimulants, and symbiotic organisms. It is emphasized that the biosynthesis of biologically active phytocompounds (secondary metabolites) not only performs protective functions (anti-pathogenic, anti-stress) but also acts as a mediator of trophic and regulatory interactions in the rhizosphere. It is proven that the regulation of the biosynthesis of such compounds plays a decisive role in maintaining plant viability under unfavorable conditions and minimizing ecological risks associated with soil degradation, the spread of phytopathogens, and the decline of agrobiodiversity. The proposed integrated approach to managing plant physiological status, which advances J. Kempf’s “plant health pyramid” concept, enhances the energetic efficiency of plant functioning, increases yield and resilience, and actively contributes to soil regeneration. This makes healthy plants a key factor in regenerative agriculture, enabling the implementation of environmentally safe agrotechnologies for building sustainable agroecosystems. Abiotic stresses (temperature, water regime, CO2 concentration, light, etc.) increase plant susceptibility to pathogens and pests. The study highlights the potential of leveraging natural mechanisms for developing such agrotechnologies through the integration of biotechnological and agroecological solutions aimed at enhancing the adaptability and stability of agroecosystems, ensuring sustainable crop productivity, and reducing anthropogenic pressure on the environment.