Obesidad y Medicamentos en Diabetes: Una Revisión del Tratamiento Farmacológico en Pacientes con Sobrepeso y Obesidad

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity share a close pathogenetic relationship. Obesity, present in more than 60% of adults worldwide, is a key risk factor for T2DM and its complications. Comprehensive treatment should include not only glycemic control but also weight loss and management of comorbidities. Drugs such as GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated additional benefits for weight and cardiovascular health.A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in a random sample of 377 patients with T2DM and a BMI ≥25 treated at a primary health care provider in Neiva (2023–2024). Clinical, anthropometric, and pharmacological variables were collected. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests, including logistic regression and Pearson correlation, were applied, controlling for potential methodological biases.63% of participants were women, with a mean age of 66 years. No significant correlation was found between BMI or waist circumference and HbA1c. However, patients who attended health education showed better glycemic control (p=0.003). Metformin use was high, but was associated with higher BMI. Glimepiride showed a significant reduction in BMI and waist circumference, while vildagliptin was associated with higher BMI (p=0.041).