Challenges of CHLB Implementation in the Coastal Areas of Penang District, Malaysia: A Qualitative Study Based on Questionnaire Responses

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is a key component in improving public health, especially in coastal areas that are vulnerable to environmental and health issues. This study aims to identify the challenges in the implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) in the coastal areas of Penang District, Malaysia. CHLB plays a crucial role in maintaining public health, particularly in coastal regions prone to health and environmental problems. This study employed a qualitative method, collecting data through questionnaires administered to 27 respondents selected via purposive sampling. The survey results indicate that the educational levels of the respondents varied, with 2 people having never attended school, 12 having completed elementary school, 8 having completed middle school, and 5 having completed high school. In terms of occupation, the majority of respondents were housewives (16 people) and traders (10 people), with 1 person having another occupation. Most respondents (66.67%) had an income above IDR 200,000 per month. Knowledge about CHLB also varied, with 55.56% having heard of CHLB and 40.74% being unaware of the concept. A total of 69.26% of respondents practiced CHLB, while 30.74% did not. Only 37.04% of respondents had ever attended counseling on CHLB. In conclusion, the main challenges in implementing CHLB in the coastal areas of Penang are the lack of access to information and education, as well as limited participation in counseling programs. Efforts to enhance counseling and education are essential to improve the adoption of CHLB in this region.