Complications And Adverse Drug Reaction Occurrence in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Co-Infected Individuals: An Educational Case Report

<p><span>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals are highly susceptible to extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and other opportunistic infections due to immune suppression. The co-administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) often causes overlapping adverse effects, creating significant treatment challenges. This case report illustrates the clinical complexity in managing a patient with HIV and EPTB who developed oral candida infection, acute gastritis, and anemia shortly after starting ATT. Supportive care, including antifungal therapy, symptomatic treatment, and iron supplementation, was crucial in addressing these complications while continuing ART and ATT. The case highlights the importance of close monitoring and prompt intervention to prevent treatment interruptions and achieve favorable clinical outcomes in HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p>