Xenophobic Violence in South Africa: Socio-Economic Effects on Nigerians and Diplomatic Implications for Nigeria-South Africa Relations

<p><span>Xenophobic violence in South Africa has generated profound human, economic, and diplomatic consequences for African migrants, particularly Nigerians. This study analyses the socio-economic and diplomatic implications between 2010 and 2020 across property and business losses, remittance flows, employment, and psychosocial wellbeing, alongside bilateral relations. Using a descriptive design and qualitative documentary analysis of academic articles, government reports, and international publications, the study finds significant impacts: business and property losses (43%), reduced remittances (28.4%), job displacement (17.8%), and psychological trauma (10.8). Diplomatically, xenophobia strained Nigeria–South Africa relations through diplomatic protests (32%), retaliatory attacks on South African businesses in Nigeria (26%), and trade disruptions (24%), with broader regional implications. Frustration–Aggression and Relative Deprivation Theories illuminate the drivers of violence and scapegoating dynamics. The paper recommends sustained diplomatic dialogue, public sensitisation, strict prosecution of perpetrators, enhanced consular protection, inclusive local economic programmes, and AU-level monitoring under AfCFTA to reduce recurrence and rebuild trust.</span></p>