Eco-efficient concrete with various treatment methods of coal bottom ash: A review on mechanical and durability performance

The energy sector produces large amounts of coal ash waste to generate power. To meet increasing energy needs, thermal power plants often generate vast quantities of coal bottom ash (CBA) and contribute to further environmental degradation. To maintain a greener environment and create a more sustainable ecosystem, researchers have been gradually implementing an effective and sustainable approach for reusing or recycling industrial waste materials, such as CBA in production concrete mixes. (CBA) possesses favorable properties, making it a suitable partial replacement for primary materials in construction applications. Previous experiments studies have demonstrated that utilizing a sufficient quantity of CBA can enhance the strength and durability of concrete properties. This study primarily aims to investigate the effect of CBA on the properties of concrete, particularly the mechanical and durability properties using various treatment methods, based on previously published data. Furthermore, this study was reviewed to provide a comprehensive literature review on the durability and sustainable production of CBA in the construction industry. This study also aims to investigate the potential of recycling CBA in the construction industry. Numerous previous researchers have advocated the recycling of a variety of CBA wastes to conserve valuable green space. Therefore, to reduce reliance on river sand mining and ensure the sustainability of green rivers globally, we recommend more productive uses instead of dumping. This review paper supports and promotes more efficient reuse of CBA, as well as providing details on its many uses in the building sector. • Reviewed ＋100 research papers related to coal bottom ash and environment issues. • CBA is a major industrial waste from thermal power stations. • Discussed influence of coal bottom on the durability properties based in concretes. • Finer CBA enhanced concrete strength by voids filling and pozzolanic effect. • High silica in CBA makes it a strong pozzolanic material for long-term concrete strength.