Networked Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (NEIS) for In-Situ Solid-State Battery Degradation Mapping and Predictive Control

**Abstract:** This research introduces Networked Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (NEIS), a novel methodology for real-time, spatially resolved degradation mapping within solid-state batteries (SSBs). SSBs offer enhanced safety and energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, but their long-term performance is hampered by localized degradation phenomena arising from interface resistance, Li+ transport limitations, and materials incompatibility. NEIS couples micro-fabricated electrode arrays with advanced machine learning techniques to overcome the limitations of traditional EIS, enabling unprecedented insight into degradation mechanisms and facilitating predictive battery management strategies. Compared to traditional EIS, NEIS offers a 10x improvement in spatially resolved data acquisition and a 5-10x increase in degradation event detection accuracy. This technology, positioned for rapid commercialization within 2-3 years, promises to significantly enhance the lifespan and reliability of SSBs, catalyzing their widespread adoption in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage.