Protective Role of Swertia Chirayita Against Doxorubicin-Induced Reproductive Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical-Based Antioxidant Strategies

Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used in the treatment of various malignancies; however, its clinical utility is often compromised by significant off-target toxicities, notably its detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Emerging evidence indicates that doxorubicin induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in testicular tissues, leading to compromised sperm quality, hormonal imbalance, and impaired fertility. In response to these challenges, the exploration of phytotherapeutic interventions with antioxidant and cytoprotective properties has gained traction. Swertia chirayita, a medicinal herb traditionally used in Ayurvedic and ethnobotanical practices, contains bioactive compounds such as xanthones, flavonoids, and iridoids known for their therapeutic potential. This review synthesizes current literature on the spermotoxic effects of doxorubicin and examines the protective efficacy of Swertia chirayita in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity. Mechanistic insights into its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and hormonal regulatory functions are discussed alongside comparative findings from related phytochemicals. The review underscores the potential of Swertia chirayita as a natural adjunct in safeguarding male fertility during cancer therapy, advocating for further preclinical and clinical investigations to validate its translational relevance.