A REVIEW ARTICLE ON NANOCARRIER-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES

Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have revolutionized the field of targeted therapy by improving drug solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and tissue specificity. This review explores various classes of nanocarriers, including lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and exosome-derived systems, and discusses key advances, such as stimuli-responsive drug release and active/passive targeting. Despite these advances, challenges remain in formulation stability, clinical translation, toxicity profiling, and large-scale manufacturing. Future perspectives, such as the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and the design of smart programmable nanocarriers, hold promise for bridging the gap between research and clinical applications.