Grammatical institutionalization of agency in prime-ministerial presentations of the Malaysia Plans: A Case-Study

This study investigates the linguistic encoding of agency in Malaysian prime-ministerial speeches presenting the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Malaysia Plans (RMK11–RMK13). The analysis focuses exclusively on grammatical patterns, applying a Universal Dependencies framework to identify clause-level mechanisms such as passivization, subject selection, and agent realization. Six quantitative indicators are introduced and tested on validated CoNLL-U corpora, with uncertainty reported via sentence-cluster bootstrap. Findings show systematic variation in agency representation across the three speeches. The study is strictly linguistic in scope: it does not evaluate political content, policy substance, or speaker intentions, but rather examines the structural properties of language in a defined register.