IoT-Enabled Lithium-ion Battery Management for NextGeneration Eco-EV Vehicles

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology, encompassing its historical development, fundamental working principles, and recent advancements in materials science, performance optimisation, and safety protocols. It examines the importance of pushing the limits of energy density, cycle life, and charging speed by utilising cutting-edge electrode materials, innovative electrolytes, and advanced battery management systems. The report also discusses the major issues surrounding the safety of Li-ion batteries and environmental sustainability, emphasising creative recycling techniques and environmentally friendly production methods. Lastly, it examines the exciting field of next-generation battery chemistries outside of traditional lithium-ion, such as solid-state, sodium-ion, lithium sulphur, and lithium-air technologies, describing their potential as well as the obstacles still standing in the way of broad commercialisation. Lithium battery technology must continue to advance in order to satisfy the growing demand for sustainable and effective energy storage in a variety of applications, ranging from grid-scale systems and electric vehicles to portable electronics and new industries like electric aviation.