A Qualitative Study of Migraine Headache Experience in Patients with Patent Foramen Ovale Based on the Symptom Management Theory

Meng Li,1 Min Feng,2 Mengtian Li,3 Junfan Wei,4 Shen Li,5 Ning Zhang,3 Qiong Li,6 Ruipeng Song,1 Huawei Li1 1Nursing Department, The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Social Undertakings, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Nursing, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Rehabilitation,Henan Vocational College of Tuina, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 6North Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huawei Li, Nursing Department, The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13700841908, Email [email protected]: To explore the migraine experience of patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine based on the Symptom Management Theory(SMT).Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed to conduct face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 patients diagnosed with PFO and migraine at the Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, from March to June 2025. The collected data were analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological method.Results: The migraine experience of patients with PFO was categorized into 3 main themes: 1) Symptom Perception: Variability in migraine severity and frequency (mean VAS 5.2 ± 1.8, indicating moderate symptom severity); Triggers and warning signs of migraine attacks; Impact of environmental and lifestyle factors on symptom onset. 2) Symptom Management: Persistent efforts to alleviate migraine symptoms (eg, medication, lifestyle adjustments); Emotional and psychological coping strategies; High expectations and hopes for the PFO closure procedure; Concerns and uncertainties about the effectiveness of the operation. 3) Symptom Outcomes: Physical and mental health challenges caused by chronic migraines; Social and occupational disruptions due to migraine symptoms; Seeking professional medical and psychological support; Long-term adaptation and resilience strategies.Conclusion: This study, grounded in the SMT, provides valuable insights into the migraine experiences of patients with PFO. The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of their symptom perception, management, and outcomes, emphasizing the profound physical, emotional, and social impact of chronic migraines on their lives. Patients’ persistent efforts to manage symptoms, coupled with their high expectations for the PFO closure procedure, underscore the need for comprehensive, patient-centered care.The study also reveals the critical role of professional support in addressing both the physical and psychological dimensions of migraine management. Healthcare providers should prioritize personalized, multidisciplinary approaches to care, focusing on symptom relief, emotional well-being, and long-term adaptation strategies. Future research should expand the scope to include diverse geographical populations and explore long-term postoperative experiences to further enhance understanding and improve clinical interventions for this patient group.Keywords: PFO, migraine, SMT, qualitative research, patient experience, pain management, quality of life