Own- and other-race face learning in high and low variability.

Research suggests that faces learned in high variability conditions (pictures taken on different days, with different viewpoints and lighting) enhanced the learning of own-race identities compared to low variability conditions (pictures taken on the same day, with similar lighting). However, it remains unclear how this variability affects the learning of other-race faces, as they are recognized differently compared to own-race faces. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of high and low variability exposure on both own-race and other-race face learning. Chinese Malaysian and White participants were exposed to own- and other-race identities under high and low variability conditions. Identity recognition was assessed using a name verification task (Experiment 1) and an old-new recognition paradigm (Experiment 2). Results revealed enhanced learning of own-race faces under high variability conditions compared to low variability across both experiments. However, improved learning of other-race faces was evident only in the old-new recognition paradigm, not in the name verification task. These findings suggest that high variability exposure benefits other-race face recognition but not the face-name association for other-race identities.