The potential of superoxide dismutase-rich tetraselmis chuii as a promoter of cellular health

<p dir="ltr"><i>Tetraselmis chuii</i> (<i>T. chuii</i>) is a green, marine, eukaryotic, microalgae that was authorized in the European Union (EU) as a novel food for human consumption in 2014, and as a food supplement in 2017. This narrative review will provide an overview of preclinical and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a <i>T. chuii</i>-derived ingredient, characterized by a high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (SOD-rich <i>T. chuii</i>), to improve various aspects of cellular health. Collectively, results from in vitro, and more importantly in vivo research, support SOD-rich <i>T. chuii </i>as a potential promoter of cellular health. Principally, the ingredient appears to function as an indirect antioxidant by boosting intracellular antioxidant systems. Moreover, it can positively modulate inflammatory status by up?regulating anti-inflammatory and down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors. In addition, SOD-rich <i>T. chuii </i>appears to promote cellular health though protecting from DNA damage, boosting immune function, strengthening cell structure and integrity, and positively modulating cell signaling pathways. There is also some evidence to suggest that SOD-rich <i>T. chuii</i> may improve aspects of mitochondrial function through the up-regulation of genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP synthesis. From the trials conducted to date, transcriptional activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) appear to be important in mediating the effects of SOD-rich<i> T. chuii </i>on cellular health. These exciting preliminary observations suggest that SOD-rich <i>T. chuii</i> may represent a natural blue food supplement with the potential to enhance various aspects of cellular health.