Diseño y evaluación de un sistema de recolección de agua pluvial mediante techos verdes en edificaciones urbanas

Rainwater harvesting is essential for optimizing the use of an abundant resource, reducing flooding, and promoting sustainable practices, especially in regions with high precipitation such as Ecuador. Green roofs allow for extended retention of rainfall, meaning they prevent overloading of collection systems by spreading out runoff over a longer period—while the total volume collected remains approximately the same. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate an ecological system for the collection, storage, and distribution of rainwater using green roofs, intended for use in toilet flushing and fire emergency response in urban buildings. The methodology included a hydrological analysis based on meteorological data and IDF curves, selection of appropriate vegetation, design of green roof layers, and sizing of conveyance systems in accordance with regulations, ensuring hydraulic efficiency and water quality. The main results demonstrated that the proposed system can effectively retain and regulate runoff during rainfall events, prolonging the concentration time and preventing overloads in collection networks. The storage capacity, sized at 0.089 m³, meets the water demands for toilet use and fire emergencies, reducing potable water consumption by approximately 62.5%. Additionally, a hydraulic system was designed to ensure proper water conveyance, maintaining recommended flow velocities and pressures, which guarantees the durability and efficiency of the system. This approach significantly contributes to the sustainable management of water resources, while also offering additional benefits such as thermal regulation, improved air quality, and reduced environmental impact.