Rural Depopulation in Spain from a Gender Perspective: Analysis and Strategies for Sustainability and Territorial Revitalization

<p><em>This study analyzes gender dynamics in rural communities affected by depopulation </em><em>in Castilla y Le.n (Spain), focusing on identity, belonging, and territorial transformation. </em><em>Through a qualitative research design based on Grounded Theory and social and </em><em>participatory mapping, this study examines differences in identity construction between </em><em>men and women within a context of demographic decline. Data were collected through </em><em>semi-structured interviews with 88 participants from 48 villages selected via purposive </em><em>sampling. The results indicate that men construct their identities around economic and </em><em>traditional roles, whereas women prioritize emotional support networks and family narratives. </em><em>Additionally, men perceive depopulation as a structural and economic threat, while </em><em>women interpret it as a disruption of social and community cohesion. This study highlights </em><em>the utility of social mapping as a methodological tool for visualizing and analyzing participants’ </em><em>perceptions of territorial changes and their implications for sustainability. From </em><em>a gender perspective, the findings underscore the need to address rural depopulation by </em><em>considering differences in environmental perception and adaptation strategies between </em><em>men and women. This study concludes that territorial revitalization policies should incorporate </em><em>a gender-sensitive approach that fosters both economic development and social </em><em>sustainability, promoting resilient and cohesive communities within the framework of the </em><em>Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</em></p> <p><em>Keywords: education; sustainable development; visual arts; depopulation; gender</em></p>