СТРУКТУРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ АФОРИСТИКИ

Recent research on Polish aphoristics views it as a traditional discursive practice with clearly defined characteristics, grounded in insights from structural linguistics, functional linguistics, semasiology, ethnolinguistics, and discourse studies. An aphorism is defined as an individual, authorial figurative expression that embodies a system of philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic generalizations and functions based on syntactic construction. This article aims to describe the structural and semantic features of Polish aphorisms. The study substantiates the linguistic foundations of aphoristics, drawing on contemporary global linguistic theory. Polish aphorisms are classified by formal-grammatical and semantic criteria, with particular attention to structural types based on generalization patterns of processual-event situations. Aphorisms equivalent to simple sentences are divided into affirmative and negative structures. Affirmative aphorisms express a real, modally grounded relationship between the subject and the predicate, presented through various models. Negative aphorisms convey an opposite modal stance. The structural-semantic organization of simple sentence equivalents differentiates Polish aphoristic discourse according to meaning and grammatical expression of the predicative center. Complex syntactic aphorisms are further classified by the type of clause linkage: sequential (chain), parallel, and combined structures. This structural-semantic classification highlights the semantic phenomena underlying the modification of logical and figurative expressions. Beyond formal-grammatical analysis, the article details the component structure and semantic content of aphorisms. Activation of structural and semantic criteria within aphoristic utterances shapes their evaluative content. Aphorisms with extended structure (two or more predicative parts) typically reveal deeper worldview orientations, intellectual engagement with the universe, and reinterpret generalized social experience, thereby enriching the national linguistic worldview.