Energy and Revenue Optimization of Marinas with Electric Leisure Boats by Utilizing B2G : An Optimization Model for Marinas Located in Gothenburg

This thesis explores the potential for revenue generation through the use of batteries integrated into a marina's energy system. The studied batteries include a stationary battery energy storage system and the batteries of electric leisure boats. These boats are connected to the energy system with bidirectional chargers, enabling both charging and discharging via the same charger—a technology commonly referred to as Vehicle-to-Grid, but here adapted as Boat-to-Grid. The methodology involved modeling the marina’s energy system based on its electricity consumption profile. This model was expanded to include solar and wind power generation, as well as the usage patterns and energy demands of electric leisure boats. An optimization model was developed to evaluate various revenue streams: peak shaving, electricity sales on the Nord Pool market, participation in the local flexibility market, and engagement in the Frequency Containment Reserve for Disturbances market. Simulations were conducted across scenarios with varying numbers of electric boats and combinations of revenue-generating activities. The results indicate that integrating a battery energy storage system and Boat-to-Grid technologies can reduce electricity costs through peak shaving, Nord Pool trading generate limited revenue, while participation in the local flexibility market and the Frequency Containment Reserve for Disturbances market offer higher revenue opportunities. These findings suggest that marinas can benefit both economically and environmentally from integrating electric leisure boats in the energy system.