Hematological and biochemical profile of Callithrix kuhlii (COIMBRA-FILHO, 1985) in urban and peri-urban areas of southern Bahia, Brazil

Brazil harbors the greatest diversity of primates, and among them, the genus Callithrix is notable for its adaptation to urban environments. Despite being endemic to southern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais, the Wied's marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii) remains understudied, highlighting the need for baseline health data. This study aimed to characterize the hematological and biochemical profiles of C. kuhlii in urban and peri-urban areas within its distribution range. A total of 106 wild marmosets were captured, and blood samples were collected from the femoral plexus of the individuals. Hematological parameters showed no significant differences between sexes. However, sex-based variations were observed in serum biochemistry, with males showing higher triglycerides and urea levels, possibly influenced by dietary factors and testosterone. This pioneering study establishes essential baseline data on the hematology and biochemistry parameters of C. kuhlii in the wild, supporting future research on its ecology and conservation within the Atlantic Forest.