Artificial intelligence in Islamic education: opportunities and challenges in the digital era

This article examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic education as a response to the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital era. Using a qualitative library research method, the study explores literature related to the integration of technology within Islamic educational systems. AI is considered capable of improving educational quality through personalized learning approaches, technology-based curriculum development, and enhanced administrative efficiency. In this context, AI can enrich the learning experience by supporting interactive, flexible, and student-centered education. However, the implementation of AI also faces various challenges, including infrastructure limitations, insufficient teacher training, and ethical issues such as the protection of students’ personal data. The study finds that the integration of AI into Islamic education in Indonesia has already begun in several institutions, although its adoption remains uneven. Therefore, supportive policies, targeted training programs, and cross-sector collaboration among government bodies, educational institutions, and technology developers are essential. In conclusion, AI holds significant potential to improve the effectiveness of Islamic education, but its implementation must be approached with caution to ensure alignment with Islamic moral and ethical values. This article provides strategic recommendations to encourage the ethical, adaptive, and sustainable use of AI in the Islamic education ecosystem.