СТИПЕНДІЇ ЯК ОСНОВНА ФОРМА ПІДТРИМКИ СТУДЕНТІВ В ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДЕРПТСЬКОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ)

The article deals with the issue of formation and development of the procedure for awarding scholarships to students of the University of Derpth during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is determined that the tradition of financial support for students at this institution dates back to the seventeenth century, when the Swedish authorities tried to attract as many young people as possible to study in Derpth by providing them with the opportunity to attend a free canteen. The authorities of the Russian Empire also introduced scholarships for students of the restored University of Derpth. It is noted that students received both state and private scholarships. State scholarship holders were obliged to work in a public office for a specified period (from one and a half to six years). Young people who received cash payments from private funds were not obliged to do so. It has been found that since 1865, a clear regulation of the procedure for paying scholarships to students of universities of the Russian Empire was established, and since 1868 - for the University of Derpent. Separate funds were paid for students who demonstrated significant academic success and young people in difficult financial circumstances. Only students of the Christian religion were eligible for state payments. Based on the analysis of the university's annual reports, it is established that in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a significant private fund was formed to help students (24 benefactors provided part of their wealth to support talented young people). Separate requirements were introduced for each scholarship. The author concludes that due to the constantly growing number of higher education students at the University of Derpent, especially those from the different classes and peasantry, the availability of a number of scholarships did not solve the problem of student poverty. The government of the Russian Empire did not pay due attention to solving this problem.